SM department store at Ayala Center, Makati; Ching Alano; Beware of Bug Bites and Stings;

Evidence vs. SM department store at Ayala Center, Makati. There is evidence that an employee of said store received on September 20, 2007, my written complaint regarding security lapse by a security guard at an entrance to SM building within said center. Up to June 21, 2008, I have not received a reply from anyone from SM regarding said complaint.

Public service advisory regarding "Ching Alano" who was identified as the source of comments/claims published on pages K-1
and K-2 of the Sunday, June 8, 2008 issue of the Philippine Star newspaper.

The following are said comments/claims:

about Mangan restaurant:
claim:"The okoy is A-OK"
my comment: If customers find that said okoy is not A-Ok, will said Alano help said customers obtain
a refund for the money they pay for said food?

claim:"Among the best sellers of the house . . . is the seafood pancit luglog"
my comment: Was said comment based on an objective examination of all the receipts issued by said restaurant from the time said restaurant opened? I challenge said Alano to produce a statement from an objective, unbiased, independent entity that said food is among the most sold foods at said restaurant since said restaurant opened for business.

about Kalye Juan restaurant:
claim:"KKK area manager . . . recommends the fried hito with fermented rice . . .
my comment: Does said Alano have, in writing, said alleged recommended food. If so, I ask her to provide me with said alleged recommendation.
If said area manager recommended said hito and customers who eat said food and dislike said food, will said manager still charge said customers for said food?


about Pupung & friends restaurant:
claim: want fast and delicious Pinoy food . . .? Then go to Pupung & friends . . .
my comment: if customers do not obtain fast and delicious Pinoy food from said restaurant, will said Alano help said customers obtain refunds?
claim: "You and your friends will also love Pupung's tapa ribeye steak that's truly tender and juicy,
my comment: If customers order said food and said food is not truly tender and juicy, will said Alano help said customers?

about Gerry's Grill: "Try our inihaw na pusit, pinaputok na creme dory fish fillet, seafood rice aligue, sugba kilaw . . .
recommend chef Erano Sanchez . . ."
my comment: I ask said Alano to provide, soonest, to me, proof, if any, that said Sanchez made said recommendation.


http://www.fda.gov/consumer/updates/bugbites061908.html
Consumer Update
Beware of Bug Bites and Stings

Printer-friendly PDF (232 KB)


* What can I do to keep insects away?
* What's the proper way to use insect repellent?
* What's the best way to remove a bee stinger?
* What should I do if I find a tick on me or my child?
* What can be done for itching and pain from bites and stings?
* When is medical attention needed?

Warm weather makes it easier to spend more time outdoors, but it also brings out the bugs. Ticks are usually harmless. But a tick bite can lead to Lyme disease, which is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. The bacteria are transmitted to people by the black-legged deer tick, which is about the size of a pinhead and usually lives on deer. Infected ticks can also cause other diseases, such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Another insect-borne illness, West Nile virus, is transmitted by infected mosquitoes and usually produces mild symptoms in healthy people. But the illness can be serious for older people and those with compromised immune systems.

Most reactions to bees and other stinging insects are mild, but severe allergic reactions can be deadly. An allergic reaction can occur even if a person has been stung before with no complications.

Here are tips for preventing and treating bites and stings.


What can I do to keep insects away?

* Use structural barriers such as window screens and netting.
* Avoid wooded, brushy, and grassy areas when possible.
* Don't wear heavily scented soaps and perfumes.
* Use caution eating outside and drinking; don't leave drinks and garbage cans uncovered.
* Don't wear bright colors, which attract bees.
* Wear long sleeves and long pants when possible.
* Tuck pant legs into socks or shoes.
* Wear a hat for extra protection.
* Get rid of containers with standing water that give mosquitoes a breeding ground. Examples include water in flowerpots and outdoor pet dishes.
* Use insect repellent if nonchemical methods are ineffective and you spend time in tall grass and woody areas.
* Treat camping gear, clothes, and shoes with permethrin, which repels and kills ticks, mosquitoes, and other insects. Clothing that is pre-treated with permethrin is also commercially available.


What's the proper way to use insect repellent?

It's okay to use insect repellent and sunscreen at the same time. The general recommendation is to apply sunscreen first, followed by repellent. There are also some combination products that contain both insect repellent and sunscreen. FDA regulates sunscreen as an over-the-counter (OTC) drug. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates insect repellent products.

* Use insect repellent that contains active ingredients that have been registered with EPA. An EPA registration number on the product label means the product has been evaluated by EPA to ensure that it will not pose unreasonable harmful effects on people and the environment.
* Spray insect repellent on clothes or skin, but not on the face.
* Don't use insect repellent on babies. Repellent used on older children should contain no more than 10 percent DEET. Oil of eucalyptus products should not be used in children under 3 years.
* Don't use insect repellent that's meant for people on your pets.
* Use insect repellent according to the labeled instructions.
* Avoid applying it to children's hands, around the eyes, or to areas where there are cuts and irritated skin.
* Store insect repellent out of children's reach.
* Wash the repellent off with soap and water and contact a Poison Control Center
if you (or your child) experience a reaction to insect repellent.
* After returning indoors, wash skin with soap and water to remove repellent.


What's the best way to remove a bee stinger?

It's best to scrape a stinger away in a side-to-side motion with a straight-edged object like a credit card. Don't use tweezers because it may push more venom into the skin. After removing a stinger, wash the area with soap and water. You can apply ice or another cold compress to help reduce swelling.


What should I do if I find a tick on me or my child?

Wearing light-colored clothing makes it easier to spot ticks. Check for ticks after outdoor activities. If you find a tick, remove it with tweezers. Grasp the tick as close to the skin as possible and pull it straight out. Then drop it in a plastic bag, seal it up, and throw it away. Early removal of a tick is important because a tick generally has to be on the skin for 36 hours to transmit Lyme disease. People who want to get a tick tested for disease or other information could check with their local health departments to see if they offer tick testing. After removing a tick, you can cleanse the area of the tick bite with antiseptic, such as rubbing alcohol or soap and water.


What can be done for itching and pain from bites and stings?

Oral OTC antihistamines can bring itch relief. Oral OTC drugs, such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen, can provide relief of pain from bites and stings.

In addition, there are many topical OTC drugs that are applied to the skin and can provide itch and pain relief. Some of these topical OTC drugs are labeled as "external analgesics" or "topical analgesics." They contain ingredients such as hydrocortisone, pramoxine, and lidocaine. There are also topical OTC drugs labeled as "skin protectants" that provide itch relief for insect bites and stings. These products contain ingredients such as colloidal oatmeal and sodium bicarbonate.

Keep kids' nails short. If they scratch the area and break the skin, it can lead to a bacterial infection that will require treatment with antibiotics.


When is medical attention needed?

Most bites and stings are minor and can be treated at home. But you should seek medical attention if you experience the following symptoms:

Signs of allergic reaction: Some people can experience anaphylaxis, a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction. This is a medical emergency that warrants calling 9-1-1 immediately. Signs of an allergic reaction, which may occur within seconds to minutes, include sneezing, wheezing, hives, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, sudden anxiety, dizziness, difficulty breathing, chest tightness, and itching or swelling of the eyes, lips, or other areas of the face. If you or your child has ever had an allergic reaction to a sting or bite, you should be evaluated by an allergist. In some cases, you may be advised to wear a medical identification tag that states the allergy, and to carry epinephrine, a medication used to treat serious or life-threatening allergic reactions. Sometimes allergy shots may also be recommended.

Symptoms of Lyme disease: Lyme disease, which is transmitted through the bite of an infected tick, can cause fever, headaches, fatigue, and a skin rash that looks like a circular red patch, or "bull's-eye." Left untreated, infection can spread to the joints, heart, and nervous system. It is rarely, if ever, fatal. Patients who are treated with antibiotics in the early stages of the infection usually recover rapidly and completely. Antibiotics commonly used for oral treatment include doxycycline, amoxicillin, or cefuroxime axetil (Ceftin). People with certain illnesses related to the heart or the nervous system require intravenous treatment with drugs such as ceftriaxone or penicillin.

Symptoms of West Nile virus: West Nile virus, which is transmitted by infected mosquitoes, can produce flu-like symptoms including fever, headache, body aches, and skin rash. While most infected individuals have mild disease and recover spontaneously, infection can be serious or even fatal. There is no specific treatment for West Nile virus.

Symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever: Initial symptoms may include fever, nausea, vomiting, severe headache, muscle pain, and lack of appetite. The characteristic red, spotted rash of Rocky Mountain spotted fever is usually not seen until the sixth day or later after symptoms begin. But as many as 10 percent to 15 percent of patients may never develop a rash. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is treated with antibiotics.

Signs of infection: It is normal for a bite or sting to result in redness of the affected area and minor swelling. But if a bite or sting becomes infected, a fever may develop or the redness or soreness may worsen. In cases of infection, an antibiotic is the typical treatment.

This article appears on FDA's Consumer Health Information Web page (www.fda.gov/consumer), which features the latest on all FDA-regulated products. Sign up for free e-mail subscriptions at www.fda.gov/consumer/consumerenews.html.


languagelearninglibrary web site
http://languagelearninglibrary.org/


Beware of Ticks … & Lyme Disease
www.fda.gov/consumer/updates/lymedisease062707.html

West Nile Virus
www.fda.gov/oc/opacom/hottopics/westnile.html

Updated Information Regarding Insect Repellents
www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/repellentupdates.htm

Insect Repellent Use and Safety in Children
www.fda.gov/cder/emergency/repellants.htm

Spider Bites
www.umm.edu/non_trauma/spider.htm


http://www.us-cert.gov/
National Cyber Alert System
For Technical Users

* Technical Security Alerts Technical Users: Technical Security Alerts RSS link Technical Users: Technical Security Alerts RSS link for Yahoo!
Apple QuickTime Updates for Multiple Vulnerabilities
* Security Bulletins Technical Users: Security Bulletins RSS link Technical Users: Security Bulletins RSS link for Yahoo!
Vulnerability Summary for the Week of June 9, 2008

For Non-Technical Users

* Security Alerts Non-Technical Users: Security Alerts RSS link Non-Technical Users: Security Alerts RSS link for Yahoo!
Apple QuickTime Updates for Multiple Vulnerabilities
* Security Tips Non-Technical Users: Security Tips RSS link Non-Technical Users: Security Tips RSS link for Yahoo!
Supplementing Passwords

Vulnerability Resources
New and Notable Vulnerabilities

* SNMPv3 authentication bypass
* Adobe Flash player code execution vulnerability
* Debian and Ubuntu OpenSSL and OpenSSH predictable random number generator
* BGP UPDATE Message Denial of Service

Other Resources

* Recent Notes ATOM feed for recent vulnerability notes
* NVD (National Vulnerability Database)

The US-CERT Current Activity web page is a regularly updated summary of the most frequent, high-impact types of security incidents currently being reported to the US-CERT.

Last reviewed: June 19, 2008 14:55:49 EDT
June 19 New Phishing/Storm Worm Variant Spreading
June 19 Cisco Releases Security Advisory
June 10 Microsoft Releases June Security Bulletin
June 10 SNMPv3 Authentication Bypass Vulnerability
June 10 Apple Releases QuickTime 7.5
June 5 Microsoft Releases Advance Notification for June Security Bulletin
June 5 Skype Releases Security Bulletin
June 5 Cisco Releases Security Advisory
June 4 HP Instant Support ActiveX Control Vulnerabilities
June 4 Sun Releases Java ASP Server 4.0.3


New Phishing/Storm Worm Variant Spreading
added June 19, 2008 at 02:52 pm

US-CERT has received reports of new phishing activity, some of which has been linked to Storm Worm. The latest activity is centered around messages related to the recent earthquake in China and the upcoming Olympic Games. This Trojan is spread via an unsolicited email message that contains a link to a malicious website. This website contains a video that, when opened, may run the executable file "beijing.exe" to infect the user's system with malicious code.

Reports, including a posting by Symantec, indicate that the following subject lines are being used. Please note that subject lines can change at any time.

* The most powerful quake hits China
* Countless victims of earthquake in China
* Death toll in China is growing
* Recent earthquake in china took a heavy toll
* Recent china earthquake kills million
* China is paralyzed by new earthquake
* Death toll in China exceeds 1000000
* A new powerful disaster in China
* A new deadly catastrophe in China
* 2008 Olympic Games are under the threat
* China's most deadly earthquake

US-CERT encourages users and administrators to take the following preventative measures to mitgate the security risks:

* Install anti-virus software, and keep its virus signature files up-to-date.
* Do not follow unsolicited web links received in email messages.
* Refer to the Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams (pdf) document for more information on avoiding email scams.
* Refer to the Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks document for more information on social engineering attacks.

US-CERT reminds users to beware of future phishing attacks that may target natural disasters and the Olympic Games.
Cisco Releases Security Advisory
added June 19, 2008 at 08:28 am

Cisco has released a Security Advisory to address a vulnerability in several of their Intrusion Prevention System platforms. This vulnerability is caused by an unspecified error in the handling of Jumbo Ethernet frames received on a Gigabit network interface configured for inline mode. Exploitation of this vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to trigger a kernel panic and cause a denial-of-service condition or bypass security restrictions.

At this time, Cisco has not yet released software updates to resolve this issue; however, they have provided a workaround in their advisory. US-CERT encourages users to review Cisco Security Advisory cisco-sa-20080618-ips and apply any necessary workarounds until Cisco releases software updates.

US-CERT will provide additional information as it becomes available.

Microsoft Releases June Security Bulletin
added June 10, 2008 at 01:48 pm

Microsoft has released updates to address vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows and Internet Explorer as part of the Microsoft Security Bulletin Summary for June 2008. These vulnerabilities may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, obtain sensitive information, or cause a denial-of-service condition.

US-CERT encourages users to review the bulletins and follow best-practice security policies to determine which updates should be applied.

SNMPv3 Authentication Bypass Vulnerability
added June 10, 2008 at 10:41 am

US-CERT is aware of a vulnerability in implementations of SNMPv3. This vulnerability is due to an error in the way the authenticator field handles shortened hash message authentication code (HMAC). Exploitation of this vulnerability may allow an attacker to read and modify any SNMP object or the configuration of the affected device using the credentials that got them onto the system.

US-CERT encourages users to review Vulnerability Notes VU#878044 and apply the solutions or workarounds listed in the document to help mitigate the risks.

US-CERT will provide additional information as it becomes available.

Apple Releases QuickTime 7.5
added June 10, 2008 at 09:05 am

Apple has released QuickTime 7.5 to address multiple vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities include the following:

* a heap-based buffer overflow condition in the handling of PixData structures when processing a PICT image that may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial-of-service condition
* a memory corruption condition in the handling of AAC-encoded media content that may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial-of-service condition
* a heap-based buffer overflow condition in the handling of PICT images that may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial-of-service condition
* a stack-based buffer overflow condition in the handling of Indeo video codec content that may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code execution or cause a denial-of-service condition
* an unspecified error in the handling of file: URLs that may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary files and applications

US-CERT encourages users to review Apple Article HT1991 and upgrade to QuickTime 7.5.

Microsoft Releases Advance Notification for June Security Bulletin
added June 5, 2008 at 03:07 pm

Microsoft has issued a Security Bulletin Advance Notification indicating that its June release cycle will contain seven bulletins, three of which will have the severity rating of Critical. The notification states that these Critical bulletins are for Microsoft Windows and Internet Explorer. The notification also states that there will be three Important bulletins for Microsoft Windows. The last of these bulletins has the severity rating of Moderate and is for Microsoft Windows. Release of these bulletins is scheduled for Tuesday, June 10.

US-CERT will provide additional information as it becomes available.

Skype Releases Security Bulletin
added June 5, 2008 at 11:38 am

Skype has released a security bulletin to address a vulnerability. This vulnerability is due to an error in the handling of "file:" URIs. By convincing a user to click on a specially crafted "file:" URI, a remote, unauthenticated attacker may be able to execute arbitrary code.

US-CERT encourages users to review Skype security bulletin SKYPE-SB/2008-003 and upgrade to Skype version 3.8.0.139.

Cisco Releases Security Advisory
added June 5, 2008 at 10:07 am

Cisco has released a Security Advisory to address multiple vulnerabilities in the PIX and ASA security appliances. These vulnerabilities include the following:

* An unspecified error in the processing of TCP ACK packets that may allow an attacker to cause a denial-of-service condition.
* An unspecified error in the handling of the TLS protocol that may allow an attacker to cause a denial-of-service condition.
* An unspecified error in the Instant Messaging Inspection that may allow an attacker to cause a denial-of-service condition.
* An unspecified error that occurs during vulnerability scanning against TCP port 443 may allow an attacker to cause a denial-of-service condition.
* An unspecified error in the Control-plane Access List may allow an attacker to bypass security restrictions.

US-CERT encourages users to review Cisco Security Advisory cisco-sa-20080604-asa and upgrade or apply the workarounds as defined in the advisory.

HP Instant Support ActiveX Control Vulnerabilities
added June 4, 2008 at 02:37 pm

HP has released a support document to address multiple vulnerabilities in the Instant Support ActiveX control (HPISDataManager.dll). These vulnerabilities may allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code.

US-CERT encourages users to review the HP Support Document and upgrade to Instant Support v1.0.0.24 or apply the workarounds listed in the Support Document.

Sun Releases Java ASP Server 4.0.3
added June 4, 2008 at 02:12 pm

Sun has released Java ASP Server 4.0.3 to address multiple vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities may allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the root user or the user running the Sun Java ASP server, obtain sensitive information, or bypass security restrictions.

US-CERT encourages users to review Sun Alert 238184 and upgrade to Java ASP Server 4.0.3 or apply the workarounds listed in the Sun Alert.

Additional Information

* Current Activity Archive

National Cyber Alert System

Technical Cyber Security Alerts
Cyber Security Alerts
Cyber Security Bulletins
Cyber Security Tips

* Report an incident
* Report a vulnerability

General Tips

* Apply vendor-supplied software patches in a timely manner

* Disable features/services that are not explicitly required

* Install anti-virus software and keep it up to date

* Use caution when opening email attachments and following URLs





Date Posted: June 19, 2008



FDA Consumer Health Information
Consumer Updates archive

FDA Home Page | Search FDA Site | FDA A-Z Index | Contact FDA | Privacy | Accessibility

FDA Website Management Staff

American Cancer Society web site
http://www.cancer.org/

carcinogens:

http://www.google.com/search?q=carcinogens&sourceid=navclient-ff&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1B3GGGL_enPH268PH268

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogen

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-carcinogen.htm

http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=72016262-BDB7-CEBA-FA60E922B18C2540
Report on Carcinogens (RoC)


http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc

The RoC is an informational scientific and public health document first ordered by Congress in 1978 that identifies and discusses agents, substances, mixtures, or exposure circumstances that may pose a hazard to human health by virtue of their carcinogenicity. The RoC is published biennially and serves as a meaningful and useful compilation of data on:

1. The carcinogenicity (ability to cause cancer), genotoxicity (ability to damage genes), and biologic mechanisms (modes of action in the body) of the listed substance in humans and/or animals.
2. The potential for human exposure to these substances.
3. Federal regulations to limit exposures.

For more background information please select Questions & Answers about the RoC.

View the most recent edition of the RoC (11th) on-line or download a copy as a zipped file (30 mb).

View the review process for the 12th RoC.

The National Toxicology Program announces the availability of draft background documents: Aristolochic Acid Related Exposures and Riddelliine. View the Federal Register Notice.



Web page last updated on November 13, 2007


Questions & Answers about the RoC


http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/7249

What is the Report on Carcinogens (RoC)?

The RoC is a congressionally mandated document prepared by the NTP for the purpose of identifying substances, mixtures of chemicals, or exposure circumstances associated with technological processes that cause or might cause cancer and to which a significant number of persons in the United States are exposed. Listed in the RoC are a wide range of substances, including metals, pesticides, drugs, and natural and synthetic chemicals.

The RoC is an informational scientific and public health document. It serves as a meaningful and useful compilation of data on (1) the carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, and biologic mechanisms of the listings in humans and/or in animals, (2) the potential for human exposure, and (3) current Federal regulations to limit exposures.

The evaluation of nominations for listing in the RoC is performed by scientists from the NTP, other Federal health research and regulatory agencies, and non government institutions. The listings in the RoC identify a substance or exposure circumstance as a known or reasonably anticipated human carcinogen. The RoC is a hazard identification document and does not present quantitative assessments of the risks of cancer associated with exposure to these substances. Thus a listing in the RoC only indicates a potential hazard and does not estimate cancer risks to individuals associated with exposures in their daily lives.

What is the legislation that mandated the RoC?

The RoC is mandated by Section 301 (b) (4) of the Public Health Services Act, as amended, which stipulates that the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services shall publish an annual report, which contains:

1. A list of all substances (i) which either are known to be carcinogens [in humans] or may reasonably be anticipated to be [human] carcinogens; and (ii) to which a significant number of persons residing in the United States are exposed;
2. Information concerning the nature of such exposure and the estimated number of persons exposed to such substances;
3. A statement identifying (i) each substance contained in this list for which no effluent, ambient, or exposure standard has been established by a Federal agency; and (ii) for each effluent, ambient, or exposure standard established by a Federal agency with respect to a substance contained in this list, the extent to which, on the basis of available medical, scientific, or other data, such standard, and the implementation of such standard by the agency, decreases the risk to public health from exposure to the substance;
4. A description of (i) each request received during the year to conduct research into, or testing for, the carcinogenicity of substances and (ii) how the Secretary and each such other entity, respectively, have responded to each request.

In 1993 Public Law 95-622 was amended to change the frequency of publication from an annual to a biennial report.

How many RoCs have been published?

To date, 11 RoCs have been published; the 11th RoC contains 246 entries. The 12th RoC is currently under review.

How are substances defined that cause or might cause cancer in humans?

Agents, substances, or exposure circumstances are listed as either "known to be a human carcinogen," or "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen." The category "known to be a human carcinogen" is reserved for those substances for which there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans that indicates a causal relationship between exposure to the agent, substance, or mixture and human cancer." The second category, "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen" includes those substances for which there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and/or sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. Conclusions regarding carcinogenicity in humans or experimental animals are based on scientific judgment, with consideration given to all relevant information. ( See Listing Criteria)

What does a listing in the RoC mean?

The RoCs are informational (not regulatory) scientific and public health documents that serve to inform and educate the public and health care professionals of the risk of exposure to carcinogens by providing 1) available cancer data in humans and/or animals for the substance of interest; 2) the potential for exposure to the substances listed, and 3) the regulations promulgated by Federal agencies to limit exposures. It is important to note that the reports do not present quantitative assessments of carcinogenic risk, nor do they address any potential benefits of exposures to listed substances such as certain pharmaceuticals. Listing in the report does not establish that such substances present a risk to persons in their daily lives. Such formal risk assessments are the purview of the appropriate federal, state, and local health regulatory and research agencies.

The listing of a substance in the RoC is not in itself a regulatory action, but listing may prompt regulatory agencies to consider limiting exposures or uses of a substance. Examples of such actions would include the following:

The OSHA Hazard communication standard states that "Chemical manufacturers and importers shall evaluate chemicals produced in their workplaces or imported by them to determine if they are hazardous. . . and that chemical manufacturers, importers and employers evaluating chemicals shall treat the NTP Annual RoC as a source establishing that a chemical is a carcinogen or potential carcinogen for hazard communication purposes." Written hazard communications required of employers for carcinogens include labels and other forms of warning, material safety data sheets, and employee information and training.

California's Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 initiative, or Proposition 65, requires "clear and reasonable warnings" for "knowing and intentional exposures" to chemicals that have been placed on the Proposition 65 list of substances known to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity. The NTP has been designated as authoritative in the area of carcinogenicity, and, chemicals identified in the RoC may be placed on the Proposition 65 list and influence the labeling of certain products containing such substances nationwide.



Web page last updated on March 30, 2005

11th Report on Carcinogens


http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/16183

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Public Health Service
National Toxicology Program
Pursuant to Section 301(b) (4) of the Public Health Service Act as Amended by Section 262, PL 95-622
Official Citation: Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh Edition; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program .
Table of Contents

I. Introduction

II. Carcinogens Listed in the Eleventh Report

A. Known to be Human Carcinogens
B. Reasonably Anticipated to be Human Carcinogens

III. Substance Profiles

Acetaldehyde
2-Acetylaminofluorene
Acrylamide
Acrylonitrile
Adriamycin® (Doxorubicin Hydrochloride)
Aflatoxins
Alcoholic Beverage Consumption
2-Aminoanthraquinone
o-Aminoazotoluene
4-Aminobiphenyl
1-Amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone
1-Amino-2-methylanthraquinone
Amitrole
o-Anisidine Hydrochloride
Arsenic Compounds, Inorganic
Asbestos
Azacitidine
Azathioprine
Benzene
Benzidine and Dyes Metabolized to Benzidine
Benzidine
Dyes Metabolized to Benzidine
Benzotrichloride
Beryllium and Beryllium Compounds
Bromodichloromethane
2,2-bis(Bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol (Technical Grade)
1,3-Butadiene
1,4-Butanediol Dimethylsulfonate (Myleran®)
Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA)
Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds
Carbon Tetrachloride
Ceramic Fibers (Respirable Size)
Chlorambucil
Chloramphenicol
Chlorendic Acid
Chlorinated Paraffins (C12, 60% Chlorine)
1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea
1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea
bis(Chloroethyl) Nitrosourea
Chloroform
bis(Chloromethyl) Ether and Technical-Grade Chloromethyl Methyl Ether
3-Chloro-2-methylpropene
4-Chloro-o-phenylenediamine
Chloroprene
p-Chloro-o-toluidine and p-Chloro-o-toluidine Hydrochloride
Chlorozotocin
Chromium Hexavalent Compounds
C.I. Basic Red 9 Monohydrochloride
Cisplatin
Coal Tars and Coal Tar Pitches
Cobalt Sulfate
Coke Oven Emissions
p-Cresidine
Cupferron
Cyclophosphamide
Cyclosporin A
Dacarbazine
Danthron (1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone)
2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate
2,4-Diaminotoluene
Diazoaminobenzene
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
1,2-Dibromoethane (Ethylene Dibromide)
2,3-Dibromo-1-propanol
tris(2,3-Dibromopropyl) Phosphate
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
3,3´-Dichlorobenzidine and 3,3´-Dichlorobenzidine Dihydrochloride
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)
1,2-Dichloroethane (Ethylene Dichloride)
Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride)
1,3-Dichloropropene (Technical Grade)
Diepoxybutane
Diesel Exhaust Particulates
Diethyl Sulfate
Diethylstilbestrol
Diglycidyl Resorcinol Ether
3,3´-Dimethoxybenzidine and Dyes Metabolized to 3,3´-Dimethoxybenzidine
3,3´-Dimethoxybenzidine
Dyes Metabolized to 3,3´-Dimethoxybenzidine
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
3,3´-Dimethylbenzidine and Dyes Metabolized to 3,3´-Dimethylbenzidine
3,3´-Dimethylbenzidine
Dyes Metabolized to 3,3´-Dimethylbenzidine
Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
Dimethyl Sulfate
Dimethylvinyl Chloride
1,4-Dioxane
Disperse Blue 1
Epichlorohydrin
Erionite
Estrogens, Steroidal
Ethylene Oxide
Ethylene Thiourea
di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate
Ethyl Methanesulfonate
Formaldehyde (Gas)
Furan
Glass Wool (Respirable Size)
Glycidol
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Heterocyclic Amines
2-Amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MEIQ)
2-Amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MEIQx)
2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ)
2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP)
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachloroethane
Hexamethylphosphoramide
Human Papillomaviruses: Some Genital-Mucosal Types
Hydrazine and Hydrazine Sulfate
Hydrazobenzene
Ionizing Radiation
X-Radiation and Gamma Radiation
Neutrons
Radon
Thorium Dioxide
Iron Dextran Complex
Isoprene
Kepone® (Chlordecone)
Lead and Lead Compounds
Lindane and Other Hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers
Melphalan
Methoxsalen with Ultraviolet A Therapy (PUVA)
2-Methylaziridine (Propylenimine)
4,4´-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)
4,4´-Methylenebis(N,N-dimethyl)benzenamine
4,4´-Methylenedianiline and its Dihydrochloride Salt
Methyleugenol
Methyl Methanesulfonate
N-Methyl-N´-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
Metronidazole
Michler's Ketone (4,4'-(Dimethylamino)benzophenone)
Mineral Oils (Untreated and Mildly Treated)
Mirex
Mustard Gas
Naphthalene
2-Naphthylamine
Nickel Compounds and Metallic Nickel
Nickel Compounds
Metallic Nickel
Nitrilotriacetic Acid
o-Nitroanisole
Nitroarenes (selected)
1,6-Dinitropyrene
1,8-Dinitropyrene
6-Nitrochrysene
1-Nitropyrene
4-Nitropyrene
Nitrobenzene
Nitrofen (2,4-Dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl Ether)
Nitrogen Mustard Hydrochloride
Nitromethane
2-Nitropropane
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethanolamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea
4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea
N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine
N-Nitrosomorpholine
N-Nitrosonornicotine
N-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
N-Nitrososarcosine
Norethisterone
Ochratoxin A
4,4´-Oxydianiline
Oxymetholone
Phenacetin and Analgesic Mixtures Containing Phenacetin
Phenacetin
Analgesic Mixtures Containing Phenacetin
Phenazopyridine Hydrochloride
Phenolphthalein
Phenoxybenzamine Hydrochloride
Phenytoin
Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs)
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, 15 Listings
Benz[a]anthracene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[j]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Dibenz[a,h]acridine
Dibenz[a,j]acridine
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
Dibenzo[a,h]pyrene
Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene
Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
5-Methylchrysene
Procarbazine Hydrochloride
Progesterone
1,3-Propane Sultone
ß-Propiolactone
Propylene Oxide
Propylthiouracil
Reserpine
Safrole
Selenium Sulfide
Silica, Crystalline (Respirable Size)
Soots
Streptozotocin
Strong Inorganic Acid Mists Containing Sulfuric Acid
Styrene-7,8-oxide
Sulfallate
Tamoxifen
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD); "Dioxin"
Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene)
Tetrafluoroethylene
Tetranitromethane
Thioacetamide
4,4´-Thiodianiline
Thiotepa
Thiourea
Tobacco Related Exposures
Environmental Tobacco Smoke
Smokeless Tobacco
Tobacco Smoking
Toluene Diisocyanate
o-Toluidine and o-Toluidine Hydrochloride
Toxaphene
Trichloroethylene
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
Ultraviolet Radiation Related Exposures
Solar Radiation
Sunlamps or Sunbeds, Exposure to
Broad-Spectrum Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation
Ultraviolet A Radiation
Ultraviolet B Radiation
Ultraviolet C Radiation
Urethane
Vinyl Bromide
Vinyl Chloride
4-Vinyl-1-cyclohexene Diepoxide
Vinyl Fluoride
Wood Dust

IV. Tables

Table 1.Chemicals Nominated to the NTP for In-Depth Toxicological Evaluation or Carcinogenesis Testing in Fiscal Years 1988-2001

Table 2.CDC/NIOSH Response to Inquiries about Carcinogens Listed in the Eleventh Report on Carcinogens

V. Report on Carcinogens Nomination Review Procedures

Appendices

A. Manufacturing Processes, Occupations, and Exposure Circumstances Classified by IARC as Category 1, Carcinogenic to Humans

B. Agents, Substances, Mixtures, or Exposure Circumstances Delisted from the Report on Carcinogens

C. Agents, Substances, Mixtures, or Exposure Circumstances Reviewed but not Recommended for Listing in the Report on Carcinogens

D. List of Participants

E. Glossary

F. Acronyms and Abbreviations

G. Units of Measurement

Indexes

A. Names and Synonyms used in RoC Substance Profiles

B. CAS Registry Numbers



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