DTI ignored by St. Luke's Medical Center?
I have a letter identified as from the DTI (Department of Trade and Industry) BTRCP
(Bureau of Trade Relation and Consumer Protection) dated 2 June 2009 and addressed to said
medical center. Said letter contains a referral to said medical center regarding my request for
information about said medical center's services and facilities.Up to September 7, 2009
said medical center has not provided me with the requested information.
A Parent's Guide to Kids' Vaccines
http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm048750.htm
* Benefits and Risks
* Types of Vaccines
* Steps to Take When Your Child is Vaccinated
* Some Commonly Used Vaccines
Vaccines have contributed to a significant reduction in many childhood diseases, such as diphtheria, measles, and whooping cough. Other diseases, such as polio and smallpox, have been eliminated in the United States due to effective vaccines.
It is now rare for children in the United States to experience the devastating and often deadly effects of these illnesses that were once common. Infant deaths due to vaccine preventable childhood diseases have nearly disappeared in the United States and other countries with high vaccination coverage.
Because immunization programs of the 20th century were so successful, many of today’s parents have never seen many of the diseases and do not understand the potential for them to re-emerge. If too many individuals choose not to vaccinate themselves or their children, the diseases that are now rare or non-existent in this country may resurface.
The viruses and bacteria that cause vaccine-preventable diseases can be passed on to people who are not protected by vaccines, and cause severe disease and death. For example, from 1989-1991 a measles outbreak occurred in the United States resulting in more than 55,000 cases of measles and 123 measles-associated deaths. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicates that the "most important cause of the measles resurgence of 1989-1991 was low vaccination coverage." (http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/meas-508.pdf)
Ensuring the safety and effectiveness of vaccines is one of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) top priorities. The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) is the center within FDA that regulates vaccines in the United States. Vaccines are developed in accordance with the highest safety standards. These high standards of safety are necessary as vaccines are administered to millions of individuals in the United States each year, including infants and children.
Benefits and Risks
Like any medicine, vaccines have benefits and risks, and no vaccine is 100 percent effective in preventing disease or 100 percent safe in all individuals. Most adverse effects of vaccines are usually minor and short-lived. For example, an individual may feel soreness at the injection site or experience a fever. Serious vaccine reactions are extremely rare, but they can happen.
Examples of serious reactions include:
• anaphylaxis or severe allergic reaction in persons who are allergic to any vaccine components (ingredients)
• development of temporary arthritis following rubella vaccine
• development of a disease similar to the disease that the vaccine is intended to prevent if a “live-attenuated vaccine” (see below) is given to a person with a weakened immune system
For a more comprehensive list of risks, you should review the package insert or patient information for each vaccine. It is important to discuss with your health care provider any prior reactions to vaccines and any adverse reactions following vaccination.
"However, parents should know that the risk of being harmed by a vaccine is significantly smaller than the risk of serious illness that comes with infectious diseases," says Norman Baylor, Ph.D., director of the Office of Vaccine Research and Review in CBER. "Vaccination is a very important step to get children off to a healthy start."
Types of Vaccines
Vaccines work by triggering a response by the body's immune system when administered. Vaccines stimulate the body to make antibodies—proteins that specifically recognize and target the disease-causing bacteria and viruses, and help eliminate them from the body before they cause disease. Vaccines are frequently given by injection (a shot), but some are given orally and one is given via nasal spray.
There are several types of vaccines: live-attenuated, inactivated (whole or subunit), and toxoids. Live-attenuated vaccines contain a living bacteria or virus that has been weakened in the laboratory so that it doesn't cause the actual disease in individuals with healthy immune systems. However, because they contain a small amount of the weakened live virus or bacteria, they should not be taken by people with incompetent or weakened immune systems. One example of a live attenuated vaccine is the Measles, Mumps and Rubella Virus Vaccine, Live.
Inactivated vaccines can be safely given to individuals with weakened immune systems. However, for such individuals, additional (booster) doses may be required to achieve immunity (protection). One example of a whole inactivated vaccine is the Poliovirus Vaccine Inactivated.
Scientists discovered that in some cases, the entire virus or bacteria is not required to elicit protective immunity and prevent disease; just a portion or a "subunit" of the disease-causing bacteria or virus is needed to provide protection. One example of a subunit inactivated vaccine is the Hepatitis B Vaccine, Recombinant.
Some bacteria cause illness by secreting a poison or toxin. Scientists discovered that inactivating the toxins, to create toxoids, and administering the toxoid can also protect individuals against the disease. One example of a toxoid vaccine is the Diphtheria toxoid vaccine.
Vaccines are available as single valent (one strain), multi-valent (several strains such as the seasonal influenza vaccine which has three strains of influenza) or combination vaccines (more than one virus or bacteria, such as MMR which contains measles, mumps and rubella viruses).
Steps to Take When Your Child is Vaccinated
Review the vaccine information sheets. These sheets explain to vaccine recipients, their parents, or their legal representatives both the benefits and risks of a vaccine. Health care providers are required by law to provide them.
Talk to your health care provider about the benefits and risks of vaccines. Learn the facts about the benefits and risks, along with the potential consequences of not vaccinating against certain diseases. Some parents are surprised to learn that children can die of measles, diphtheria, pertussis, and other vaccine-preventable diseases.
Tell your health care provider about bad reactions. Before you or your child receives a vaccine, tell your health care provider if you, your child, or a sibling has ever had a bad reaction to a vaccine. If your child or a sibling has had an allergic reaction or other severe reaction to a dose of vaccine, talk with your health care provider about whether that vaccine should be taken again.
Ask about conditions under which your child should not be vaccinated. This might include being sick or having a history of certain allergic or other adverse reactions to previous vaccinations or their components. For example, eggs are used to grow influenza (flu) vaccines, so a child who is allergic to eggs should not get a flu vaccine. Children or others with weakened or incompetent immune systems should not receive live vaccines, but may be able to receive toxoids, inactivated (killed) or subunit vaccines. You should discuss these issues with your health care provider.
Report adverse reactions. Adverse reactions and other problems related to vaccines should be reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), which is maintained by FDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). For a copy of the vaccine reporting form, call 1-800-822-7967, or report online VAERS.
Some Commonly Used Vaccines
Some of the vaccines commonly used are briefly discussed below. A complete list of licensed vaccines in the United States and supporting documents, such as package inserts, are available online.
Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed (DTaP)
• What it's for: Protects (immunizes) against the bacterial infections diphtheria, tetanus (Lockjaw), and pertussis (whooping cough). This combination vaccine is given as a five dose series in infants and children six weeks through six years of age. Diphtheria can infect the throat, causing a thick covering that can lead to problems with breathing, paralysis, or heart failure. Tetanus can cause painful tightening (spasms) of the muscles, seizures, paralysis, and death. Pertussis causes severe coughing spells and can lead to pneumonia, seizures, brain damage, and death.
• Common side effects: Fever, redness, soreness, or swelling at the injection site, fussiness/irritability, inconsolable crying, and decreased activity/lethargy.
• Tell your health care provider beforehand if: Your child is moderately or severely ill, has had a severe reaction to a previous shot, or has a known sensitivity to ingredients of the vaccine, including latex.
Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed
• What it's for: Protects (immunizes) against the bacterial infections diphtheria, tetanus (Lockjaw), and pertussis (whooping cough). Active booster immunization of individuals ages 10 or 11 years (dependent on product used) through 64 years of age.
• Common side effects: Pain, swelling, and redness at injection site, headache, body ache or muscle weakness, sore or swollen joints, tiredness or fatigue, nausea or gastrointestinal symptoms.
• Tell your health care provider beforehand if: The individual has had any allergic reaction to any vaccine that protects against diphtheria, tetanus, or pertussis diseases, any ingredient contained in the vaccine, including latex.
Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccine (tetanus Toxoid Conjugate) (Hib)
• What it's for: Protects (immunizes) against Haemophilus influenzae type b disease, which can cause meningitis (an infection of the covering of the brain and spinal cord which can cause brain damage and deafness), pneumonia (lung infection), severe swelling of the throat, and infections of the blood, joints, bones, and covering of the heart. Approved for infants and children 2 through 18 months of age.
• Common side effects: Pain, redness, swelling at site of injection, fever, irritability and lethargy.
• Tell your health care provider beforehand if: Your child is moderately or severely ill, or has ever had a life-threatening allergic reaction to a previous dose of Hib vaccine.
Hepatitis A Vaccine, Inactivated
• What it's for: Protects (immunizes) against disease caused by Hepatitis A virus infection. Individuals infected with Hepatitis A may not have any symptoms; have a mild "flu-like" illness; or may have a severe illness including inflammation of the liver, resulting in jaundice (yellow skin or eyes), and even death. Hepatitis A can be transmitted by contaminated food or water, sharing contaminated utensils, and/or sexual contact with an infected person. Approved for persons 12 months of age and older.
• Common side effects: Soreness at the injection site, fever, headache, loss of appetite, tiredness.
• Tell your health care provider beforehand if: The individual has ever had a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of the vaccine.
Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
• What it's for: Protects (immunizes) against infection with the Hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B can lead to chronic hepatitis (liver inflammation), liver cancer, and death. Approved for immunization of individuals of all ages, especially those at increased risk of exposure to Hepatitis B virus.
• Common side effects: Soreness, redness, swelling at injection site, irritability, fever, diarrhea, fatigue/weakness, loss of appetite and headache.
• Tell your health care provider beforehand if: The individual is moderately or severely ill or has ever had a life-threatening allergic reaction to baker's yeast used for making bread, or to a previous dose of the vaccine.
Human Papillomavirus Quadrivalent (Types 6, 11, 16 and 18) Vaccine, Recombinant
• What it's for: Prevents cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancer caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18, and genital warts caused by HPV types 6 and 11. Used to vaccinate girls and women ages 9 through 26 years of age.
• Common side effects: Headache, fever, nausea, dizziness, syncope (fainting), injection site pain, swelling, redness, itchiness or bruising.
• Tell your health care provider beforehand if: The individual has had an allergic reaction to baker’s yeast or another component of HPV vaccine, or to a previous dose of the vaccine.
Influenza Virus Vaccine, Inactivated
• What it's for: Protects (immunizes) children as young as six months (depending on the specific age indications of the vaccine) and adults against the three influenza virus strains contained in the vaccine. Influenza is a contagious respiratory virus that can cause mild to severe illness. More than 200,000 individuals are hospitalized each year from flu-related complications, and approximately 36,000 deaths each year in the United States are from flu-related causes. The elderly, young children, and people with certain health conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease) are at high risk for serious flu complications. Complications from influenza include bacterial pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections, dehydration, and worsening of chronic medical conditions such as congestive heart failure, asthma or diabetes. The strains of influenza virus that cause disease in people frequently change, so yearly vaccination is needed to provide protection against the influenza viruses likely to be in circulation each winter. This is a killed (inactivated) virus vaccine, so you can't get influenza from this vaccine.
• Common side effects: Pain, redness and swelling at the injection site, low grade fever, and muscle aches, headache, fatigue and general feeling of being unwell.
• Tell your health care provider beforehand if: The individual is moderately or severely ill, has a bleeding disorder or is on anticoagulant therapy, or has ever had an allergic reaction to eggs, latex, or to a previous dose or another component of the flu vaccine, or had Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) within six weeks of receipt of a prior influenza vaccine.
Influenza Vaccine Live, Intranasal
• What it's for: Protects (immunizes) against influenza in children and adults ages 2 to 49 years of age. Should not be used in children less than 24 months of age.
• Common side effects: Runny nose, nasal congestion, fever greater than 100 degrees F in children ages 2 to 6 and sore throat in adults.
• Tell your health care provider beforehand if: The individual is moderately or severely ill, has a weakened immune system, has asthma or recurrent wheezing, has a history of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) within 6 weeks of any prior influenza vaccination, has ever had an allergic reaction to eggs, egg proteins, gentamicin, gelatin or arginine, or to a previous dose of the flu vaccine. Also inform them if your children or adolescents are currently receiving aspirin or aspirin-containing therapy because of the association of Reye's syndrome with aspirin and wild-type influenza infection.
Measles, Mumps and Rubella Vaccine, Live (MMRII)
• What it's for: Protects (immunizes) individuals 12 months of age and older against measles, mumps, and rubella. Measles is a respiratory infection that causes skin rash and flu-like symptoms. It can cause severe disease leading to ear infection, pneumonia, seizures, and brain damage. Mumps causes fever, headache and swollen glands, especially salivary glands. It can also lead to deafness, meningitis (infection of the brain and spinal cord covering), and painful swelling of the testicles or ovaries. Rubella, also called German Measles, is an infection of the skin and lymph nodes and can cause arthritis. Rubella infection during pregnancy can lead to birth defects.
• Common side effects: Fever, mild rash, fainting, headache, dizziness, irritability and in rare cases, swelling of the glands in the cheeks or neck, and a general feeling of being unwell. Burning/stinging, redness, swelling, and tenderness at the injection site.
• Tell your health care provider beforehand if: The individual is ill or has ever had an allergic reaction to eggs, gelatin, the antibiotic neomycin, or a previous dose of the MMR vaccine. This is a live vaccine so you should tell your health care provider if the individual has a fever, has a weakened immune system (is immunosuppressed), has cancer or AIDS.
Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine or Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine
• What it's for: Protects (immunizes) individuals' ages 2 through 55 years of age against meningococcal disease, a serious illness caused by a bacteria (Neisseria meningitidis). It is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children 2 to 18 years old in the United States. Bacterial meningitis is an infection of fluid surrounding the brain and the spinal cord that is fatal in approximately 10 percent of the cases and 10 to 20 percent of the survivors have serious adverse effects from the disease including neurologic disabilities, loss of digits or limbs, or hearing loss.
• Common side effects: Pain, redness and swelling at the injection site, irritability, joint pain, headache, fever, fatigue, loss of appetite and diarrhea.
• Tell your health care provider beforehand if: The individual is currently acutely ill, previously had a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of meningococcal vaccine or diphtheria toxoid, has a known sensitivity to vaccine components or latex, or a history of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS).
Pneumococcal 7-valent Conjugate Vaccine
• What it's for: Protects (immunizes) infants and toddlers against serious diseases, such as meningitis, pneumonia, blood stream infections (bacteremia) and sinus and middle ear infections (otitis media) caused by infection with pneumonoccal (Streptococcus pneumonia) bacteria.
• Common side effects: Swelling at injection site, fever, fussiness or irritability, restless sleep, drowsiness, decreased appetite, vomiting or diarrhea.
• Tell your health care provider beforehand if: Your child is severely ill, has ever had an allergic reaction to a previous dose or component of the vaccine including diphtheria toxoid, has thrombocytopenia (low platelets), a bleeding (coagulation) disorder, or is on anticoagulant therapy.
Pneumococcal Vaccine, Polyvalent
• What it's for: A different pneumococcal vaccine that protects (immunizes) children who are at least 2 years old and have certain chronic health conditions (e.g., chronic heart, lung or kidney disease; sickle cell disease) and for routine vaccination of adults 50 years of age and older. The vaccine will help protect these children and adults from pneumococcal disease.
• Common side effects: Soreness, warmth, redness, swelling or hardening (induration) at the site of injection and fever.
• Tell your health care provider beforehand if: The individual is allergic to any component of the vaccine, has a respiratory illness or other active infection, or has severely compromised cardiovascular and/or pulmonary function.
Poliovirus Vaccine Inactivated
• What it's for: The inactivated (killed) poliovirus vaccine protects (immunizes) against the three types of viruses that cause polio, an illness that can cause paralysis or death. For immunization of infants 6 weeks of age and older, children, and adults.
• Common side effects: Redness, hardening (induration), and pain at injection site, fever, irritability, sleepiness, fussiness, and crying.
• Tell your health care provider beforehand if: The individual has ever had a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of polio vaccine, any component of the vaccine, or an allergic reaction to 2-phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde, neomycin, streptomycin, or polymyxin B.
Rotavirus Vaccine, Live, Oral, Pentavalent
• What it's for: Prevents gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus infection in children. Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea, vomiting, and fever in infants and young children in the United States and worldwide. Sometimes diarrhea and vomiting due to rotavirus infection can lead to the loss of body fluids (dehydration) and for approximately 55,000 U.S. children each year becomes severe enough to require hospitalization. Without the vaccine, rotavirus infects over 95% of children in the United States by their 5th birthday. Currently licensed vaccine is a liquid that is given by mouth to infants in a series of three doses between the ages of 6 and 32 weeks.
• Common side effects: Diarrhea, vomiting, irritability, runny nose and sore throat, wheezing or coughing, and ear infection.
• Tell your health care provider beforehand if: Your child has a weakened or compromised immune system, is allergic to any of the ingredients of the vaccine, or has ever had an allergic reaction to a previous dose of the vaccine.
Varicella Virus Vaccine Live
• What it's for: Protects (immunizes) against chickenpox, which is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Chickenpox usually causes headache, fever, and an itchy rash that can turn into blisters, and can occasionally cause more serious complications such as skin infection, scarring, pneumonia, brain swelling, Reye's syndrome, and death. Severe disease and more serious complications are more likely to occur in adolescents and adults. Currently licensed for individuals 12 months of age and older.
• Common side effects: Soreness, pain, redness or swelling at the injection site, fever, mild rash, and irritability. Less common side effects include tingling of the skin and shingles.
• Tell your health care provider beforehand if: The individual is moderately or severely ill or has chronic medical problems that may weaken the immune system, has received a blood or plasma transfusion or immune globulin within the last 5 months, takes medicines, has allergies including any life-threatening allergic reaction to gelatin, the antibiotic neomycin, or a previous dose of chickenpox or any other vaccine, is pregnant or plans to become pregnant within the next three months, or is breast feeding. Important to note: This is a live vaccine, so people with a weakened immune system should not get this vaccine. Also, once vaccinated, the individual should avoid contact with individuals who have a weakened immune system, pregnant women who never had chickenpox, and newborn babies whose mothers never had chickenpox for at least 6 weeks. The individual should tell the health care provider if they expect to have contact with individuals who fall in one of these groups.
This article appears on FDA's Consumer Update page, which features the latest on all FDA-regulated products.
Updated: August 28, 2009
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For More Information
* Vaccines
* Immunization Schedules
* Complete List of Vaccines Licensed for Immunization and Distribution in the US
* Vaccine Adverse Events
* CDC National Immunization Program
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Page Last Updated: 09/02/2009
Householdwatch web site
http://householdwatch.com/
family tree builder web site
http://www.geni.com/
Monday, September 7, 2009
Tuesday, September 1, 2009
On Sept.1, 2009, the driver of a taxi, with license plate No. PYM 150, at approximately 6:30 A.M., on M.H. del Pilar St., Ermita, Manila,refused to convey me from said location to Paco,Manila.
Warning vs. Mongolian Quick Stop which was at SM Food Court at Makati Ayala Center, Makati City. On August 28, 2009, I saw an employee working at said store perform unsanitary act(s). First, I saw her receive money with her bare hand. So the germs from said money could transfer to her bare hand. Then, I saw her touch food containers with said bare hand. So the germs from said money which could have transferred to her said bare hand could then have transferred to said food containers which she handed to customers. I have a copy of proof of a sales transaction by an employee of said store on said date.
Based on evidence, an official of the Department of Trade and Industry BTRCP wrote a
letter addressed to Director Irma L. Asuncion, Department of Health (DOH), San Lazaro Compound, Rizal Avenue, Sta. Cruz, Manila. The source of said letter was identified as "Jaime Lazaro L. Olmos Director-In-Charge Bureau of Trade Regulation and Consumer Protection Department of Trade and Industry. Said letter was dated 19 August 2009. Said letter contains the following words:"respectfully referred to Director Irma L. Asuncion, Department of Health . . .for appropriate action, the attached self explanatory letter of M. Silva . . . regarding customer advisory re . . . Power Nut store specifically for the lists of all the ingredients and visible
understandable consume before/best before dates of the said products . . ."
web sites with useful free info:
earthcalendar web site
http://www.earthcalendar.net/
Fortune 500 web site
http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/
Mental Health America web site
http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/
Qualitest Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Issues a Voluntary Nationwide Recall of
Accusure® Insulin Syringes (1/2 Cc – 31 G – Short Needle) Lot #6jcb1
and Accusure® Insulin Syringes (1 Cc – 31 G – Short Needle) Lot #7cpt1
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/ucm179943.htm
artcyclopedia com web site
http://www.artcyclopedia.com/
Warning vs. Mongolian Quick Stop which was at SM Food Court at Makati Ayala Center, Makati City. On August 28, 2009, I saw an employee working at said store perform unsanitary act(s). First, I saw her receive money with her bare hand. So the germs from said money could transfer to her bare hand. Then, I saw her touch food containers with said bare hand. So the germs from said money which could have transferred to her said bare hand could then have transferred to said food containers which she handed to customers. I have a copy of proof of a sales transaction by an employee of said store on said date.
Based on evidence, an official of the Department of Trade and Industry BTRCP wrote a
letter addressed to Director Irma L. Asuncion, Department of Health (DOH), San Lazaro Compound, Rizal Avenue, Sta. Cruz, Manila. The source of said letter was identified as "Jaime Lazaro L. Olmos Director-In-Charge Bureau of Trade Regulation and Consumer Protection Department of Trade and Industry. Said letter was dated 19 August 2009. Said letter contains the following words:"respectfully referred to Director Irma L. Asuncion, Department of Health . . .for appropriate action, the attached self explanatory letter of M. Silva . . . regarding customer advisory re . . . Power Nut store specifically for the lists of all the ingredients and visible
understandable consume before/best before dates of the said products . . ."
web sites with useful free info:
earthcalendar web site
http://www.earthcalendar.net/
Fortune 500 web site
http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/
Mental Health America web site
http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/
Qualitest Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Issues a Voluntary Nationwide Recall of
Accusure® Insulin Syringes (1/2 Cc – 31 G – Short Needle) Lot #6jcb1
and Accusure® Insulin Syringes (1 Cc – 31 G – Short Needle) Lot #7cpt1
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/ucm179943.htm
artcyclopedia com web site
http://www.artcyclopedia.com/
Wednesday, August 19, 2009
The following was published on August 20, 2009 in a local newspaper:
"Republic of the Philippines
Department of Health
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
ADVISORY
SubJECT SEVEN COLOR CRYSTAL BALLS
The Department of Health received reports of the proliferation of a product called seven color crystal balls. The public is advised to keep this product away from children since it is not a toy. The product may pose a hazard as this may be swallowed accidentally. For inquiries, please call the Department of Health at 743-8301 local 3408 or 711-6824.
(Sgd) FRANCISCO T. DUQUE III, M.D., MSc.
Secretary of Health"
Antioxidants
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/antioxidants.html
Antioxidants are substances that may protect your cells against the effects of free radicals. Free radicals are molecules produced when your body breaks down food, or by environmental exposures like tobacco smoke and radiation. Free radicals can damage cells, and may play a role in heart disease, cancer and other diseases.
Antioxidant substances include
* Beta-carotene
* Lutein
* Lycopene
* Selenium
* Vitamin A
* Vitamin C
* Vitamin E
Antioxidants are found in many foods. These include fruits and vegetables, nuts, grains, and some meats, poultry and fish.
* Overviews
o Antioxidant Vitamins(American Heart Association)
o What Is an Antioxidant?(American Dietetic Association)
* Latest News
o Antioxidants Pose No Melanoma Threat(08/17/2009, HealthDay)
o Studies Show Genetic Activity of Antioxidants(07/21/2009, HealthDay)
o Antioxidant May Boost Exercise Endurance(06/29/2009, Reuters Health)
* Specific Conditions
o CranberryFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
o Grape Seed ExtractFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
o Lycopene: An Antioxidant for Good Health(American Dietetic Association)
o NoniFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
o SeleniumFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
o Vitamin A and CarotenoidsFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
o Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)(Merck & Co., Inc.)
o Vitamin EFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
o ZincFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
* Related Issues
o Antioxidant Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis(Cystic Fibrosis Foundation)
o Antioxidants: An Answer to Aging?(American Dietetic Association)
o Coenzyme Q10 (PDQ)From the National Institutes of Health(National Cancer Institute)
* Clinical Trials
o ClinicalTrials.gov: AntioxidantsFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health)
* Research
o Antioxidants, Over Time, Support Aging Minds(Agricultural Research Service)
o Drinking Black Tea Shows No Impact on Cardiovascular Risk FactorsFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
* Journal Articles
References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)
o Article: Treatment regimens for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
o Article: [Preclinical and clinical studies of the efficacy of Panavir in...
o Article: Intake of vitamin C and E in pregnancy and risk...
o Antioxidants -- see more articles
* Directories
o Nutrient Lists(Dept. of Agriculture) - PDF
* Organizations
o Food and Nutrition Information Center
o National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary SupplementsFrom the National Institutes of Health
* Specific Conditions
o CranberryFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
o Grape Seed ExtractFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
o Lycopene: An Antioxidant for Good Health(American Dietetic Association)
o NoniFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
o SeleniumFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
o Vitamin A and CarotenoidsFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
o Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)(Merck & Co., Inc.)
o Vitamin EFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
o ZincFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
* Related Issues
o Antioxidant Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis(Cystic Fibrosis Foundation)
o Antioxidants: An Answer to Aging?(American Dietetic Association)
o Coenzyme Q10 (PDQ)From the National Institutes of Health(National Cancer Institute)
* Clinical Trials
o ClinicalTrials.gov: AntioxidantsFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health)
* Research
o Antioxidants, Over Time, Support Aging Minds(Agricultural Research Service)
o Drinking Black Tea Shows No Impact on Cardiovascular Risk FactorsFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
* Journal Articles
References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)
o Article: Treatment regimens for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
o Article: [Preclinical and clinical studies of the efficacy of Panavir in...
o Article: Intake of vitamin C and E in pregnancy and risk...
o Antioxidants -- see more articles
* Directories
o Nutrient Lists(Dept. of Agriculture) - PDF
* Organizations
o Food and Nutrition Information Center
o National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary SupplementsFrom the National Institutes of Health
* Latest News
o Antioxidants Pose No Melanoma Threat(08/17/2009, HealthDay)
o Studies Show Genetic Activity of Antioxidants(07/21/2009, HealthDay)
o Antioxidant May Boost Exercise Endurance(06/29/2009, Reuters Health)
* Specific Conditions
o CranberryFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
o Grape Seed ExtractFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
o Lycopene: An Antioxidant for Good Health(American Dietetic Association)
o NoniFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
o SeleniumFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
o Vitamin A and CarotenoidsFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
o Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)(Merck & Co., Inc.)
o Vitamin EFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
o ZincFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
* Related Issues
o Antioxidant Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis(Cystic Fibrosis Foundation)
o Antioxidants: An Answer to Aging?(American Dietetic Association)
o Coenzyme Q10 (PDQ)From the National Institutes of Health(National Cancer Institute)
* Clinical Trials
o ClinicalTrials.gov: AntioxidantsFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health)
* Research
o Antioxidants, Over Time, Support Aging Minds(Agricultural Research Service)
o Drinking Black Tea Shows No Impact on Cardiovascular Risk FactorsFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
* Journal Articles
References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)
o Article: Treatment regimens for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
o Article: [Preclinical and clinical studies of the efficacy of Panavir in...
o Article: Intake of vitamin C and E in pregnancy and risk...
o Antioxidants -- see more articles
* Directories
o Nutrient Lists(Dept. of Agriculture) - PDF
* Organizations
o Food and Nutrition Information Center
o National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary SupplementsFrom the National Institutes of Health
http://www.allaboutyou.com/
allaboutyou web site
"Republic of the Philippines
Department of Health
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
ADVISORY
SubJECT SEVEN COLOR CRYSTAL BALLS
The Department of Health received reports of the proliferation of a product called seven color crystal balls. The public is advised to keep this product away from children since it is not a toy. The product may pose a hazard as this may be swallowed accidentally. For inquiries, please call the Department of Health at 743-8301 local 3408 or 711-6824.
(Sgd) FRANCISCO T. DUQUE III, M.D., MSc.
Secretary of Health"
Antioxidants
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/antioxidants.html
Antioxidants are substances that may protect your cells against the effects of free radicals. Free radicals are molecules produced when your body breaks down food, or by environmental exposures like tobacco smoke and radiation. Free radicals can damage cells, and may play a role in heart disease, cancer and other diseases.
Antioxidant substances include
* Beta-carotene
* Lutein
* Lycopene
* Selenium
* Vitamin A
* Vitamin C
* Vitamin E
Antioxidants are found in many foods. These include fruits and vegetables, nuts, grains, and some meats, poultry and fish.
* Overviews
o Antioxidant Vitamins(American Heart Association)
o What Is an Antioxidant?(American Dietetic Association)
* Latest News
o Antioxidants Pose No Melanoma Threat(08/17/2009, HealthDay)
o Studies Show Genetic Activity of Antioxidants(07/21/2009, HealthDay)
o Antioxidant May Boost Exercise Endurance(06/29/2009, Reuters Health)
* Specific Conditions
o CranberryFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
o Grape Seed ExtractFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
o Lycopene: An Antioxidant for Good Health(American Dietetic Association)
o NoniFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
o SeleniumFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
o Vitamin A and CarotenoidsFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
o Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)(Merck & Co., Inc.)
o Vitamin EFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
o ZincFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
* Related Issues
o Antioxidant Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis(Cystic Fibrosis Foundation)
o Antioxidants: An Answer to Aging?(American Dietetic Association)
o Coenzyme Q10 (PDQ)From the National Institutes of Health(National Cancer Institute)
* Clinical Trials
o ClinicalTrials.gov: AntioxidantsFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health)
* Research
o Antioxidants, Over Time, Support Aging Minds(Agricultural Research Service)
o Drinking Black Tea Shows No Impact on Cardiovascular Risk FactorsFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
* Journal Articles
References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)
o Article: Treatment regimens for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
o Article: [Preclinical and clinical studies of the efficacy of Panavir in...
o Article: Intake of vitamin C and E in pregnancy and risk...
o Antioxidants -- see more articles
* Directories
o Nutrient Lists(Dept. of Agriculture) - PDF
* Organizations
o Food and Nutrition Information Center
o National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary SupplementsFrom the National Institutes of Health
* Specific Conditions
o CranberryFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
o Grape Seed ExtractFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
o Lycopene: An Antioxidant for Good Health(American Dietetic Association)
o NoniFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
o SeleniumFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
o Vitamin A and CarotenoidsFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
o Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)(Merck & Co., Inc.)
o Vitamin EFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
o ZincFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
* Related Issues
o Antioxidant Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis(Cystic Fibrosis Foundation)
o Antioxidants: An Answer to Aging?(American Dietetic Association)
o Coenzyme Q10 (PDQ)From the National Institutes of Health(National Cancer Institute)
* Clinical Trials
o ClinicalTrials.gov: AntioxidantsFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health)
* Research
o Antioxidants, Over Time, Support Aging Minds(Agricultural Research Service)
o Drinking Black Tea Shows No Impact on Cardiovascular Risk FactorsFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
* Journal Articles
References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)
o Article: Treatment regimens for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
o Article: [Preclinical and clinical studies of the efficacy of Panavir in...
o Article: Intake of vitamin C and E in pregnancy and risk...
o Antioxidants -- see more articles
* Directories
o Nutrient Lists(Dept. of Agriculture) - PDF
* Organizations
o Food and Nutrition Information Center
o National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary SupplementsFrom the National Institutes of Health
* Latest News
o Antioxidants Pose No Melanoma Threat(08/17/2009, HealthDay)
o Studies Show Genetic Activity of Antioxidants(07/21/2009, HealthDay)
o Antioxidant May Boost Exercise Endurance(06/29/2009, Reuters Health)
* Specific Conditions
o CranberryFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
o Grape Seed ExtractFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
o Lycopene: An Antioxidant for Good Health(American Dietetic Association)
o NoniFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
o SeleniumFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
o Vitamin A and CarotenoidsFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
o Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)(Merck & Co., Inc.)
o Vitamin EFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
o ZincFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements)
* Related Issues
o Antioxidant Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis(Cystic Fibrosis Foundation)
o Antioxidants: An Answer to Aging?(American Dietetic Association)
o Coenzyme Q10 (PDQ)From the National Institutes of Health(National Cancer Institute)
* Clinical Trials
o ClinicalTrials.gov: AntioxidantsFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Institutes of Health)
* Research
o Antioxidants, Over Time, Support Aging Minds(Agricultural Research Service)
o Drinking Black Tea Shows No Impact on Cardiovascular Risk FactorsFrom the National Institutes of Health(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
* Journal Articles
References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)
o Article: Treatment regimens for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
o Article: [Preclinical and clinical studies of the efficacy of Panavir in...
o Article: Intake of vitamin C and E in pregnancy and risk...
o Antioxidants -- see more articles
* Directories
o Nutrient Lists(Dept. of Agriculture) - PDF
* Organizations
o Food and Nutrition Information Center
o National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary SupplementsFrom the National Institutes of Health
http://www.allaboutyou.com/
allaboutyou web site
Monday, August 10, 2009
Advisory re Bangus restaurant at unit 127-128 North Arcade, SM Mall of Asia, Pasay City. I sent
a request to said restaurant for information about said restaurant. Based on evidence, said
request for information was received by said restaurant's agent. Said restaurant has not
provided the requested information.
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
An Introduction to Probiotics
Probiotics are live microorganisms (in most cases, bacteria) that are similar to
beneficial microorganisms found in the human gut. They are also called
“friendly bacteria” or “good bacteria.” Probiotics are available to consumers
mainly in the form of dietary supplements and foods. They can be used as
complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).1
Key Points
• People use probiotic products as CAM to prevent and treat certain illnesses
and support general wellness.
• There is limited evidence supporting some uses of probiotics. Much more
scientific knowledge is needed about probiotics, including about their safety
and appropriate use.
• Effects found from one species or strain of probiotics do not necessarily
hold true for others, or even for different preparations of the same species
or strain.
• Tell your health care providers about any CAM practices you use. Give them
a full picture of what you do to manage your health. This will help ensure
coordinated and safe care. For tips for talking with your health care
providers about CAM, see NCCAM’s Time to Talk campaign at
nccam.nih.gov/timetotalk/.
What Probiotics Are
Experts have debated how to define probiotics. One widely used definition,
developed by the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations, is that probiotics are “live microorganisms,
which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the
host.” (Microorganisms are tiny living organisms—such as bacteria, viruses, and
yeasts—that can be seen only under a microscope.)
1
CAM is a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not
presently considered to be part of conventional medicine. Complementary medicine is used
together with conventional medicine, and alternative medicine is used in place of conventional
medicine. Some health care providers practice both CAM and conventional medicine.
Probiotics are not the same thing as prebiotics—nondigestible food ingredients that selectively
stimulate the growth and/or activity of beneficial microorganisms already in people’s colons.
When probiotics and prebiotics are mixed together, they form a synbiotic.
Probiotics are available in foods and dietary supplements (for example, capsules, tablets,
and powders) and in some other forms as well. Examples of foods containing probiotics
are yogurt, fermented and unfermented milk, miso, tempeh, and some juices and soy
beverages. In probiotic foods and supplements, the bacteria may have been present
originally or added during preparation.
Most probiotics are bacteria similar to those naturally found in people’s guts, especially
in those of breastfed infants (who have natural protection against many diseases). Most
often, the bacteria come from two groups, Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium. Within each
group, there are different species (for example, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium
bifidus), and within each species, different strains (or varieties). A few common
probiotics, such as Saccharomyces boulardii, are yeasts, which are different from bacteria.
Some probiotic foods date back to ancient times, such as fermented foods and cultured
milk products. Interest in probiotics in general has been growing; Americans’ spending
on probiotic supplements, for example, nearly tripled from 1994 to 2003.
Uses for Health Purposes
There are several reasons that people are interested in probiotics for health purposes.
First, the world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people’s bodies—in
and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper
development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause
disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person’s mix of
bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among
the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person’s health and well-being.
This bacterial “balancing act” can be thrown off in two major ways:
1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria.
Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping,
or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance—a
condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the
major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
2. “Unfriendly” microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and
parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could
halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in
conditions like:
• Infectious diarrhea
• Irritable bowel syndrome
NCCAM-2
----------------------- Page 3-----------------------
• Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease)
• Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and
many types of chronic stomach inflammation
• Tooth decay and periodontal disease
• Vaginal infections
• Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare
• Skin infections.
Another part of the interest in probiotics stems from the fact there are cells in the digestive
tract connected with the immune system. One theory is that if you alter the microorganisms in
a person’s intestinal tract (as by introducing probiotic bacteria), you can affect the immune
system’s defenses.
What the Science Says
Scientific understanding of probiotics and their potential for preventing and treating health
conditions is at an early stage, but moving ahead. In November 2005, a conference that was
cofunded by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) and
convened by the American Society for Microbiology explored this topic.
According to the conference report, some uses of probiotics for which there is some
encouraging evidence from the study of specific probiotic formulations are as follows:
• To treat diarrhea (this is the strongest area of evidence, especially for diarrhea from rotavirus)
• To prevent and treat infections of the urinary tract or female genital tract
• To treat irritable bowel syndrome
• To reduce recurrence of bladder cancer
• To shorten how long an intestinal infection lasts that is caused by a bacterium called
Clostridium difficile
• To prevent and treat pouchitis (a condition that can follow surgery to remove the colon)
• To prevent and manage atopic dermatitis (eczema) in children.
The conference panel also noted that in studies of probiotics as cures, any beneficial effect was
usually low; a strong placebo effect often occurs; and more research (especially in the form of
large, carefully designed clinical trials) is needed in order to draw firmer conclusions.
Some other areas of interest to researchers on probiotics are
• What is going on at the molecular level with the bacteria themselves and how they may
interact with the body (such as the gut and its bacteria) to prevent and treat diseases.
Advances in technology and medicine are making it possible to study these areas much
better than in the past.
• Issues of quality. For example, what happens when probiotic bacteria are treated or are
added to foods—is their ability to survive, grow, and have a therapeutic effect altered?
NCCAM-3
• The best ways to administer probiotics for therapeutic purposes, as well as the best doses
and schedules.
• Probiotics’ potential to help with the problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the gut.
• Whether they can prevent unfriendly bacteria from getting through the skin or mucous
membranes and traveling through the body (e.g., which can happen with burns, shock,
trauma, or suppressed immunity).
Side Effects and Risks
Some live microorganisms have a long history of use as probiotics without causing illness in
people. Probiotics’ safety has not been thoroughly studied scientifically, however. More
information is especially needed on how safe they are for young children, elderly people, and
people with compromised immune systems.
Probiotics’ side effects, if they occur, tend to be mild and digestive (such as gas or bloating).
More serious effects have been seen in some people. Probiotics might theoretically cause
infections that need to be treated with antibiotics, especially in people with underlying health
conditions. They could also cause unhealthy metabolic activities, too much stimulation of the
immune system, or gene transfer (insertion of genetic material into a cell).
Probiotic products taken by mouth as a dietary supplement are manufactured and regulated as
foods, not drugs.
Some Other Points To Consider
• If you are thinking about using a probiotic product as CAM, consult your health care
provider first. No CAM therapy should be used in place of conventional medical care or to
delay seeking that care.
• Effects from one species or strain of probiotics do not necessarily hold true for others, or
even for different preparations of the same species or strain.
• If you use a probiotic product and experience an effect that concerns you, contact your
health care provider.
• You can locate research reports in peer-reviewed journals on probiotics’ effectiveness and
safety through the resources PubMed and CAM on PubMed.
NCCAM-Sponsored Research on Probiotics
Among recent NCCAM-sponsored research are the following projects:
• Investigators at Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine are
studying the effectiveness of selected probiotic agents to treat diarrhea in undernourished
children in a developing country.
NCCAM-4
• At the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, researchers have been examining probiotics for
possibly decreasing the levels of certain substances in the urine that can cause problems
such as kidney stones.
• A team at Tufts-New England Medical Center is studying probiotics for treating an
antibiotic-resistant type of bacteria that causes severe infections in people who are
hospitalized, live in nursing homes, or have weakened immune systems.
References
Sources are primarily recent reviews on the general topic of probiotics in the peer-reviewed
medical and scientific literature in English in the PubMed database, selected evidence-based
databases, and Federal Government sources.
1994-2004 U.S. specialty/other supplement sales. Nutrition Business Journal. 2005. Accessed at http://www.nutritionbusiness.com
on December 7, 2006.
Alvarez-Olmos MI, Oberhelman RA. Probiotic agents and infectious diseases: a modern perspective on a traditional
therapy. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2001;32(11):1567-1576.
Bifidobacteria. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturaldatabase.com on
December 7, 2006.
Bifidus. Thomson MICROMEDEX AltMedDex System Web site. Accessed at http://www.micromedex.com on December 7, 2006.
Cabana MD, Shane AL, Chao C, et al. Probiotics in primary care pediatrics. Clinical Pediatrics. 2006;45(5):405-410.
Doron S, Gorbach SL. Probiotics: their role in the treatment and prevention of disease. Expert Review of Anti-Infective
Therapy. 2006;4(2):261-275.
Ezendam J, van Loveren H. Probiotics: immunomodulation and evaluation of safety and efficacy. Nutrition Reviews.
2006;64(1):1-14.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations and World Health Organization (WHO). Guidelines for the
Evaluation of Probiotics in Food. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Working Group on Drafting Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics
in Food. Accessed at http://www.who.int/foodsafety/fs_management/en/probiotic_guidelines.pdf on December 7, 2006.
Gill HS, Guarner F. Probiotics and human health: a clinical perspective. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 2004;80(947):516-526.
Hammerman C, Bin-Nun A, Kaplan M. Safety of probiotics: comparison of two popular strains. BMJ.
2006;333(7576):1006-1008.
Huebner ES, Surawicz CM. Probiotics in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal infections. Gastroenterology
Clinics of North America. 2006;35(2):355-365.
Lactobacillus. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturaldatabase.com on
December 7, 2006.
Lactobacillus. Thomson MICROMEDEX AltMedDex System Web site. Accessed at http://www.micromedex.com on
December 7, 2006.
Probiotics: Bottom Line Monograph. Natural Standard Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturalstandard.com on
December 7, 2006.
Reid G, Hammond JA. Probiotics: some evidence of their effectiveness. Canadian Family Physician. 2005;51:1487-1493.
Salminen SJ, Gueimonde M, Isolauri E. Probiotics that modify disease risk.Journal of Nutrition . 2005;135(5):1294-1298.
Vanderhoof JA, Young RJ. Current and potential uses of probiotics. Annals of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology.
2004;93(5 suppl 3):S33-S37.
Walker R, Buckley M. Probiotic Microbes: The Scientific Basis. Report of an American Society for Microbiology colloquium;
November 5-7, 2005; Baltimore, Maryland. American Society for Microbiology Web site. Accessed at
http://www.asm.org/academy/index.asp?bid=43351 on December 7, 2006.
NCCAM-5
----------------------- Page 6-----------------------
For More Information
NCCAM Clearinghouse
The NCCAM Clearinghouse provides information on CAM and NCCAM, including
publications and searches of Federal databases of scientific and medical literature. The
Clearinghouse does not provide medical advice, treatment recommendations, or referrals
to practitioners.
Toll-free in the U.S.: 1-888-644-6226
TTY (for deaf and hard-of-hearing callers): 1-866-464-3615
Web site: nccam.nih.gov
E-mail: info@nccam.nih.gov
PubMed®
A service of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), PubMed contains publication information
and (in most cases) brief summaries of articles from scientific and medical journals. CAM on
PubMed, developed jointly by NCCAM and NLM, is a subset of the PubMed system and focuses
on the topic of CAM.
Web site: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez
CAM on PubMed: nccam.nih.gov/camonpubmed/
Acknowledgments
NCCAM thanks the following people for their technical expertise and review of this publication:
Carol Wells, Ph.D., University of Minnesota Medical School; Richard Oberhelman, M.D., Tulane
University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine; Patricia Hibberd, M.D., Ph.D., Tufts-
New England Medical Center; Richard Walker, Ph.D., U.S. Food and Drug Administration; and
Marguerite Klein, M.S., R.D., and Jonathan (Josh) Berman, M.D., Ph.D., NCCAM.
This publication is not copyrighted and is in the public domain.
Duplication is encouraged.
NCCAM has provided this material for your information. It is not intended to substitute
for the medical expertise and advice of your primary health care provider. We encourage
you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. The
mention of any product, service, or therapy is not an endorsement by NCCAM.
National Institutes of Health
???
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
D345
Created January 2007
Updated August 2008
*D345*
web site with useful, free information:
http://www.alwaysfrugal.com/
a request to said restaurant for information about said restaurant. Based on evidence, said
request for information was received by said restaurant's agent. Said restaurant has not
provided the requested information.
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
An Introduction to Probiotics
Probiotics are live microorganisms (in most cases, bacteria) that are similar to
beneficial microorganisms found in the human gut. They are also called
“friendly bacteria” or “good bacteria.” Probiotics are available to consumers
mainly in the form of dietary supplements and foods. They can be used as
complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).1
Key Points
• People use probiotic products as CAM to prevent and treat certain illnesses
and support general wellness.
• There is limited evidence supporting some uses of probiotics. Much more
scientific knowledge is needed about probiotics, including about their safety
and appropriate use.
• Effects found from one species or strain of probiotics do not necessarily
hold true for others, or even for different preparations of the same species
or strain.
• Tell your health care providers about any CAM practices you use. Give them
a full picture of what you do to manage your health. This will help ensure
coordinated and safe care. For tips for talking with your health care
providers about CAM, see NCCAM’s Time to Talk campaign at
nccam.nih.gov/timetotalk/.
What Probiotics Are
Experts have debated how to define probiotics. One widely used definition,
developed by the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations, is that probiotics are “live microorganisms,
which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the
host.” (Microorganisms are tiny living organisms—such as bacteria, viruses, and
yeasts—that can be seen only under a microscope.)
1
CAM is a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not
presently considered to be part of conventional medicine. Complementary medicine is used
together with conventional medicine, and alternative medicine is used in place of conventional
medicine. Some health care providers practice both CAM and conventional medicine.
Probiotics are not the same thing as prebiotics—nondigestible food ingredients that selectively
stimulate the growth and/or activity of beneficial microorganisms already in people’s colons.
When probiotics and prebiotics are mixed together, they form a synbiotic.
Probiotics are available in foods and dietary supplements (for example, capsules, tablets,
and powders) and in some other forms as well. Examples of foods containing probiotics
are yogurt, fermented and unfermented milk, miso, tempeh, and some juices and soy
beverages. In probiotic foods and supplements, the bacteria may have been present
originally or added during preparation.
Most probiotics are bacteria similar to those naturally found in people’s guts, especially
in those of breastfed infants (who have natural protection against many diseases). Most
often, the bacteria come from two groups, Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium. Within each
group, there are different species (for example, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium
bifidus), and within each species, different strains (or varieties). A few common
probiotics, such as Saccharomyces boulardii, are yeasts, which are different from bacteria.
Some probiotic foods date back to ancient times, such as fermented foods and cultured
milk products. Interest in probiotics in general has been growing; Americans’ spending
on probiotic supplements, for example, nearly tripled from 1994 to 2003.
Uses for Health Purposes
There are several reasons that people are interested in probiotics for health purposes.
First, the world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people’s bodies—in
and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper
development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause
disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person’s mix of
bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among
the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person’s health and well-being.
This bacterial “balancing act” can be thrown off in two major ways:
1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria.
Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping,
or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance—a
condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the
major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
2. “Unfriendly” microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and
parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could
halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in
conditions like:
• Infectious diarrhea
• Irritable bowel syndrome
NCCAM-2
----------------------- Page 3-----------------------
• Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease)
• Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and
many types of chronic stomach inflammation
• Tooth decay and periodontal disease
• Vaginal infections
• Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare
• Skin infections.
Another part of the interest in probiotics stems from the fact there are cells in the digestive
tract connected with the immune system. One theory is that if you alter the microorganisms in
a person’s intestinal tract (as by introducing probiotic bacteria), you can affect the immune
system’s defenses.
What the Science Says
Scientific understanding of probiotics and their potential for preventing and treating health
conditions is at an early stage, but moving ahead. In November 2005, a conference that was
cofunded by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) and
convened by the American Society for Microbiology explored this topic.
According to the conference report, some uses of probiotics for which there is some
encouraging evidence from the study of specific probiotic formulations are as follows:
• To treat diarrhea (this is the strongest area of evidence, especially for diarrhea from rotavirus)
• To prevent and treat infections of the urinary tract or female genital tract
• To treat irritable bowel syndrome
• To reduce recurrence of bladder cancer
• To shorten how long an intestinal infection lasts that is caused by a bacterium called
Clostridium difficile
• To prevent and treat pouchitis (a condition that can follow surgery to remove the colon)
• To prevent and manage atopic dermatitis (eczema) in children.
The conference panel also noted that in studies of probiotics as cures, any beneficial effect was
usually low; a strong placebo effect often occurs; and more research (especially in the form of
large, carefully designed clinical trials) is needed in order to draw firmer conclusions.
Some other areas of interest to researchers on probiotics are
• What is going on at the molecular level with the bacteria themselves and how they may
interact with the body (such as the gut and its bacteria) to prevent and treat diseases.
Advances in technology and medicine are making it possible to study these areas much
better than in the past.
• Issues of quality. For example, what happens when probiotic bacteria are treated or are
added to foods—is their ability to survive, grow, and have a therapeutic effect altered?
NCCAM-3
• The best ways to administer probiotics for therapeutic purposes, as well as the best doses
and schedules.
• Probiotics’ potential to help with the problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the gut.
• Whether they can prevent unfriendly bacteria from getting through the skin or mucous
membranes and traveling through the body (e.g., which can happen with burns, shock,
trauma, or suppressed immunity).
Side Effects and Risks
Some live microorganisms have a long history of use as probiotics without causing illness in
people. Probiotics’ safety has not been thoroughly studied scientifically, however. More
information is especially needed on how safe they are for young children, elderly people, and
people with compromised immune systems.
Probiotics’ side effects, if they occur, tend to be mild and digestive (such as gas or bloating).
More serious effects have been seen in some people. Probiotics might theoretically cause
infections that need to be treated with antibiotics, especially in people with underlying health
conditions. They could also cause unhealthy metabolic activities, too much stimulation of the
immune system, or gene transfer (insertion of genetic material into a cell).
Probiotic products taken by mouth as a dietary supplement are manufactured and regulated as
foods, not drugs.
Some Other Points To Consider
• If you are thinking about using a probiotic product as CAM, consult your health care
provider first. No CAM therapy should be used in place of conventional medical care or to
delay seeking that care.
• Effects from one species or strain of probiotics do not necessarily hold true for others, or
even for different preparations of the same species or strain.
• If you use a probiotic product and experience an effect that concerns you, contact your
health care provider.
• You can locate research reports in peer-reviewed journals on probiotics’ effectiveness and
safety through the resources PubMed and CAM on PubMed.
NCCAM-Sponsored Research on Probiotics
Among recent NCCAM-sponsored research are the following projects:
• Investigators at Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine are
studying the effectiveness of selected probiotic agents to treat diarrhea in undernourished
children in a developing country.
NCCAM-4
• At the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, researchers have been examining probiotics for
possibly decreasing the levels of certain substances in the urine that can cause problems
such as kidney stones.
• A team at Tufts-New England Medical Center is studying probiotics for treating an
antibiotic-resistant type of bacteria that causes severe infections in people who are
hospitalized, live in nursing homes, or have weakened immune systems.
References
Sources are primarily recent reviews on the general topic of probiotics in the peer-reviewed
medical and scientific literature in English in the PubMed database, selected evidence-based
databases, and Federal Government sources.
1994-2004 U.S. specialty/other supplement sales. Nutrition Business Journal. 2005. Accessed at http://www.nutritionbusiness.com
on December 7, 2006.
Alvarez-Olmos MI, Oberhelman RA. Probiotic agents and infectious diseases: a modern perspective on a traditional
therapy. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2001;32(11):1567-1576.
Bifidobacteria. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturaldatabase.com on
December 7, 2006.
Bifidus. Thomson MICROMEDEX AltMedDex System Web site. Accessed at http://www.micromedex.com on December 7, 2006.
Cabana MD, Shane AL, Chao C, et al. Probiotics in primary care pediatrics. Clinical Pediatrics. 2006;45(5):405-410.
Doron S, Gorbach SL. Probiotics: their role in the treatment and prevention of disease. Expert Review of Anti-Infective
Therapy. 2006;4(2):261-275.
Ezendam J, van Loveren H. Probiotics: immunomodulation and evaluation of safety and efficacy. Nutrition Reviews.
2006;64(1):1-14.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations and World Health Organization (WHO). Guidelines for the
Evaluation of Probiotics in Food. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Working Group on Drafting Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics
in Food. Accessed at http://www.who.int/foodsafety/fs_management/en/probiotic_guidelines.pdf on December 7, 2006.
Gill HS, Guarner F. Probiotics and human health: a clinical perspective. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 2004;80(947):516-526.
Hammerman C, Bin-Nun A, Kaplan M. Safety of probiotics: comparison of two popular strains. BMJ.
2006;333(7576):1006-1008.
Huebner ES, Surawicz CM. Probiotics in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal infections. Gastroenterology
Clinics of North America. 2006;35(2):355-365.
Lactobacillus. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturaldatabase.com on
December 7, 2006.
Lactobacillus. Thomson MICROMEDEX AltMedDex System Web site. Accessed at http://www.micromedex.com on
December 7, 2006.
Probiotics: Bottom Line Monograph. Natural Standard Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturalstandard.com on
December 7, 2006.
Reid G, Hammond JA. Probiotics: some evidence of their effectiveness. Canadian Family Physician. 2005;51:1487-1493.
Salminen SJ, Gueimonde M, Isolauri E. Probiotics that modify disease risk.Journal of Nutrition . 2005;135(5):1294-1298.
Vanderhoof JA, Young RJ. Current and potential uses of probiotics. Annals of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology.
2004;93(5 suppl 3):S33-S37.
Walker R, Buckley M. Probiotic Microbes: The Scientific Basis. Report of an American Society for Microbiology colloquium;
November 5-7, 2005; Baltimore, Maryland. American Society for Microbiology Web site. Accessed at
http://www.asm.org/academy/index.asp?bid=43351 on December 7, 2006.
NCCAM-5
----------------------- Page 6-----------------------
For More Information
NCCAM Clearinghouse
The NCCAM Clearinghouse provides information on CAM and NCCAM, including
publications and searches of Federal databases of scientific and medical literature. The
Clearinghouse does not provide medical advice, treatment recommendations, or referrals
to practitioners.
Toll-free in the U.S.: 1-888-644-6226
TTY (for deaf and hard-of-hearing callers): 1-866-464-3615
Web site: nccam.nih.gov
E-mail: info@nccam.nih.gov
PubMed®
A service of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), PubMed contains publication information
and (in most cases) brief summaries of articles from scientific and medical journals. CAM on
PubMed, developed jointly by NCCAM and NLM, is a subset of the PubMed system and focuses
on the topic of CAM.
Web site: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez
CAM on PubMed: nccam.nih.gov/camonpubmed/
Acknowledgments
NCCAM thanks the following people for their technical expertise and review of this publication:
Carol Wells, Ph.D., University of Minnesota Medical School; Richard Oberhelman, M.D., Tulane
University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine; Patricia Hibberd, M.D., Ph.D., Tufts-
New England Medical Center; Richard Walker, Ph.D., U.S. Food and Drug Administration; and
Marguerite Klein, M.S., R.D., and Jonathan (Josh) Berman, M.D., Ph.D., NCCAM.
This publication is not copyrighted and is in the public domain.
Duplication is encouraged.
NCCAM has provided this material for your information. It is not intended to substitute
for the medical expertise and advice of your primary health care provider. We encourage
you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. The
mention of any product, service, or therapy is not an endorsement by NCCAM.
National Institutes of Health
???
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
D345
Created January 2007
Updated August 2008
*D345*
web site with useful, free information:
http://www.alwaysfrugal.com/
Friday, August 7, 2009
Frigidaire Recalls Clothes Washers Due to Fire Hazard
http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/prerel/prhtml09/09292.htmlNEWS from CPSC
U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
Office of Information and Public Affairs Washington, DC 20207
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
July 30, 2009
Release # 09-292 Firm?s Recall Hotline: (800) 734-4519
CPSC Recall Hotline: (800) 638-2772
CPSC Media Contact: (301) 504-7908
Firm?s Media Contact: (614) 761-2633
Sear?s Recall Hotline: (888)-549-5870
Frigidaire Recalls Clothes Washers Due to Fire Hazard
WASHINGTON, D.C. - The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, in cooperation with the firm named below, today announced a voluntary recall of the following consumer product. Consumers should stop using recalled products immediately unless otherwise instructed.
Name of Product: Crosley®, Frigidaire®, Kelvinator®, Kenmore®, Wascomat®, and White-Westinghouse® clothes washers
Units: About 35,000
Distributor: Frigidaire, of Cleveland, Ohio
Hazard: An internal defect in the washer?s drain pump can cause heat to build up, posing a fire hazard to the consumer.
Incidents/Injuries: No incidents or injuries have been reported.
Description: This recall involves the Crosley®, Frigidaire®, Kelvinator®, Kenmore®, Wascomat®, and White-Westinghouse® top load washers, 3.1 cubic foot front load washers and laundry centers.
Product Type Brand Model Serial Number
Top Load Washer Crosley, Frigidaire, Kelvinator,
White- Westinghouse
CTW100FW GLWS1749FS SWS833HS
FTW3011KW KWS1349DS SWX703HQ
FTW3014KW MWS939AS SWX703HS
FWS1233FS SWS1233HQ WWS833FS
FWS933FS SWS1233HS WWTW3000KW
GLWS1439FC SWS1339HS
GLWS1439FS SWS1649HS
XC90306228 to XC91606302
Front Load Washer Crosley, Frigidaire, Wascomat,
White- Westinghouse
CFW2000FW FTF530FS WE17N
FCCW3000FS GLTF1570FS WTF330HS
FTF1240FS WE17M
XC90501765 to XC91607678
Laundry Center Crosley, Frigidaire, Kenmore,
White -Westinghouse
97812 CLCE900FW GLET1142FS
97912 FEX831FS GLGH1642FS
97962 FGX831FS GLGT1031FS
C97812 FLGB8200FS GLGT1142FS
C97912 GCET1031FS MEX731CFS
C97962 GLEH1642FS SWSG1031HS
CLCE500FW GLET1031FS SWXG831HS
XE85104013 to XE91603486
*Not all serial numbers within these ranges are affected.
Model and serial numbers can be located as follows:
Top load washer = open the product?s lid, and the model and serial number are located inside the product?s lid, on the top, right hand corner.
Front load washer = open the door, and the model and serial number are located with other information at the top, center.
Laundry center = open the door to the dryer, and the model and serial number are located on the outer edge of the door nearest the door?s handle.
Sold by: Sears and other retailers nationwide from February 2009 through May 2009 for between $300 and $1100.
Manufactured in: United States
Remedy: Consumers should immediately unplug and stop using the machine. Consumers should contact Frigidaire or Sears (if unit was purchased there) to schedule a free repair.
Consumer Contact: For additional information, contact Frigidaire at (800) 734-4519 between 8 a.m. and 11 p.m. ET Monday through Saturday, or visit the firm?s Web site at www.laundrypumprecall.com. For consumers who purchased their product at Sears, call Sears toll free at (888) 549-5870 between 8 a.m. and 10 p.m. ET Monday through Saturday, or visit Sear?s Web site at www.sears.com
web site with useful info:
onlinerradiostations
http://www.onlineradiostations.com/
http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/prerel/prhtml09/09292.htmlNEWS from CPSC
U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
Office of Information and Public Affairs Washington, DC 20207
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
July 30, 2009
Release # 09-292 Firm?s Recall Hotline: (800) 734-4519
CPSC Recall Hotline: (800) 638-2772
CPSC Media Contact: (301) 504-7908
Firm?s Media Contact: (614) 761-2633
Sear?s Recall Hotline: (888)-549-5870
Frigidaire Recalls Clothes Washers Due to Fire Hazard
WASHINGTON, D.C. - The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, in cooperation with the firm named below, today announced a voluntary recall of the following consumer product. Consumers should stop using recalled products immediately unless otherwise instructed.
Name of Product: Crosley®, Frigidaire®, Kelvinator®, Kenmore®, Wascomat®, and White-Westinghouse® clothes washers
Units: About 35,000
Distributor: Frigidaire, of Cleveland, Ohio
Hazard: An internal defect in the washer?s drain pump can cause heat to build up, posing a fire hazard to the consumer.
Incidents/Injuries: No incidents or injuries have been reported.
Description: This recall involves the Crosley®, Frigidaire®, Kelvinator®, Kenmore®, Wascomat®, and White-Westinghouse® top load washers, 3.1 cubic foot front load washers and laundry centers.
Product Type Brand Model Serial Number
Top Load Washer Crosley, Frigidaire, Kelvinator,
White- Westinghouse
CTW100FW GLWS1749FS SWS833HS
FTW3011KW KWS1349DS SWX703HQ
FTW3014KW MWS939AS SWX703HS
FWS1233FS SWS1233HQ WWS833FS
FWS933FS SWS1233HS WWTW3000KW
GLWS1439FC SWS1339HS
GLWS1439FS SWS1649HS
XC90306228 to XC91606302
Front Load Washer Crosley, Frigidaire, Wascomat,
White- Westinghouse
CFW2000FW FTF530FS WE17N
FCCW3000FS GLTF1570FS WTF330HS
FTF1240FS WE17M
XC90501765 to XC91607678
Laundry Center Crosley, Frigidaire, Kenmore,
White -Westinghouse
97812 CLCE900FW GLET1142FS
97912 FEX831FS GLGH1642FS
97962 FGX831FS GLGT1031FS
C97812 FLGB8200FS GLGT1142FS
C97912 GCET1031FS MEX731CFS
C97962 GLEH1642FS SWSG1031HS
CLCE500FW GLET1031FS SWXG831HS
XE85104013 to XE91603486
*Not all serial numbers within these ranges are affected.
Model and serial numbers can be located as follows:
Top load washer = open the product?s lid, and the model and serial number are located inside the product?s lid, on the top, right hand corner.
Front load washer = open the door, and the model and serial number are located with other information at the top, center.
Laundry center = open the door to the dryer, and the model and serial number are located on the outer edge of the door nearest the door?s handle.
Sold by: Sears and other retailers nationwide from February 2009 through May 2009 for between $300 and $1100.
Manufactured in: United States
Remedy: Consumers should immediately unplug and stop using the machine. Consumers should contact Frigidaire or Sears (if unit was purchased there) to schedule a free repair.
Consumer Contact: For additional information, contact Frigidaire at (800) 734-4519 between 8 a.m. and 11 p.m. ET Monday through Saturday, or visit the firm?s Web site at www.laundrypumprecall.com. For consumers who purchased their product at Sears, call Sears toll free at (888) 549-5870 between 8 a.m. and 10 p.m. ET Monday through Saturday, or visit Sear?s Web site at www.sears.com
web site with useful info:
onlinerradiostations
http://www.onlineradiostations.com/
Tuesday, August 4, 2009
August 4, 2009 security lapses at Ayala Center, Makati
Because of said security lapses at entrances to Glorietta, Park Square 1, SM Makati, dangerous weapons could have been brought into said areas, to the endangerment of shoppers in said areas.
On said date, at the Good Food section of said Glorietta, the door to the CR for the handicapped was defective. I had difficulty in unlocking said door.
I asked the person in charge of said room to show me his I.D., but he didn't show me his I.D. Also, at said Good Food section, I discovered a seller named San Sebastian. When I asked to see the sales invoice used by said seller, what was shown to bore not the Makati address but a Quezon City address.Whichever entity has jurisdiction over said Good Food section, allowing the use of said sales invoice with an address different from the address where said seller is an indication of an ani consumer attitude.
web site with free useful information:
helpguide org
http://helpguide.org/
kitchehintsandtips web site
http://www.kitchenhintsandtips.com/
websitetips web site
http://websitetips.com/
Because of said security lapses at entrances to Glorietta, Park Square 1, SM Makati, dangerous weapons could have been brought into said areas, to the endangerment of shoppers in said areas.
On said date, at the Good Food section of said Glorietta, the door to the CR for the handicapped was defective. I had difficulty in unlocking said door.
I asked the person in charge of said room to show me his I.D., but he didn't show me his I.D. Also, at said Good Food section, I discovered a seller named San Sebastian. When I asked to see the sales invoice used by said seller, what was shown to bore not the Makati address but a Quezon City address.Whichever entity has jurisdiction over said Good Food section, allowing the use of said sales invoice with an address different from the address where said seller is an indication of an ani consumer attitude.
web site with free useful information:
helpguide org
http://helpguide.org/
kitchehintsandtips web site
http://www.kitchenhintsandtips.com/
websitetips web site
http://websitetips.com/
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image of registry return receipt of letter addressed to Makati councilor J. J. Binay
